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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	6 167	8 405	10 997^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	5.4	-0.9	7.1^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 562.7	1 868.5	2 322.0^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	23	21.2	20.3^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	25.3	35	33.6^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	51.7	43.9	46.1^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	33.4	34	33^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	17.5	14.4	14.7^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	49.2	51.6	52.3^b
Unemploymentⁱ (% of labour force)	10.1	11.2	10.5
Labour force participation rateⁱ (female/male pop. %)	26.7 / 59.0	26.0 / 56.5	26.4 / 57.2
CPI: Consumer Price Index^j (2010=100)	...	113	135^k
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	100	108	117^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 832	2 829	3 331^i,k
International trade: imports (million current US$)	3 703	2 744	5 345^i,k
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 1 872	85	- 2 014^i,k
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-956	-576	- 1 424^b

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	3	2.9	2.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	51.1	54.5^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	4.8^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	5.2	4.9	4.6^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	68.6 / 64.6	68.9 / 64.8	70.7 / 66.7^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	44.3 / 5.3	43.8 / 5.1	42.7 / 5.1^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	166.6 / 4.1^n,o	182.3 / 3.9^n,o	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	77.3	91.8	108.2^k
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	48.8	41.8	36.6^a
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	3.7	3.4	4.1^d
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.2	0.2	0.2^b
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.3^q	1.8	1.7^d
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	97.3 / 95.4	89.7 / 83.8	... / ...
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	35.2 / 39.6	40.2 / 38.7	... / ...
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	19.2 / 24.2	30.4 / 30.5	... / ...
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	...	1	...
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	25.2	20.3^r	23.3^r

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internetⁱ (per 100 inhabitants)	17.6	41.1	44.4^b
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	...	~0.0^s,t,u	...
Threatened species (number)	69	94	133^k
Forested area (% of land area)	0.3	0.3	0.3^d
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	3.0 / 0.8ⁱ	4.9 / 1.1	4.6 / 1.0^i,d
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	30	22	22^d
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	15ⁱ	20	19^i,d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2^k
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	5.5	8.27	5.27^d

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2021
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Index base: 2014=100.
k		2023
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Including refugees.
o		Refers to foreign citizens.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		2013
r		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
s		Higher Education only.
t		Partial data.
u		2018