| Region | Eastern Africa | |
| Population (000, 2024) | 31 965a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2024) | 54.9a | |
| Capital city | Antananarivo | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2024) | 3 210.4c | |
| UN membership date | 20 September 1960 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 587 041b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 100.6a | |
| National currency | Malagasy Ariary (MGA) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 4 572.8d |
| 2015 | 2020 | 2024 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 11 323 | 13 056 | 14 955b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 3.1 | -7.1 | 3.8b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 455.6 | 462.6 | 505b |
| Economy: Agriculture (% of Gross Value Added) | 27 | 26.7 | 23.5b |
| Economy: Industry (% of Gross Value Added) | 19.9 | 20.7 | 23.6b |
| Economy: Services and other activity (% of GVA) | 53.2 | 52.7 | 50.4b |
| Employment in agriculturee (% of employed) | 74.6 | 71.7 | 70.1b |
| Employment in industrye (% of employed) | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.9b |
| Employment in servicese (% employed) | 16.1 | 18.8 | 20.1b |
| Unemployment (% of labour force) | 1.8 | 2.2e | 1.8e |
| Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %) | 83.3 / 89.0 | 82.1 / 87.2e | 82.6 / 87.8e |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 140 | 130f,g | 163f,g,d |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 99 | 102 | 106b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 2 164 | 2 019 | 3 283d |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 2 961 | 3 220 | 4 817d |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | -796 | - 1 201 | - 1 534d |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | -256 | -624 | -829b |
| 2015 | 2020 | 2024 | |
| Population growth rate (average annual %) | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4a |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 35.2 | 37.9c | ... |
| Urban population growth rate (average annual %) | 4.7h | ... | ... |
| Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.9a |
| Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years) | 65.0 / 61.8 | 64.6 / 60.9 | 65.6 / 62.1a |
| Population age distributioni (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 42.0 / 4.7 | 40.4 / 5.1 | 39.3 / 5.4a |
| International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.) | 32.1 / 0.1j,k | 35.6 / 0.1j,k | ... / ... |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | ~0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4d |
| Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) | 66.4 | 66 | 64.4a |
| Health: Current expenditurel (% of GDP) | 5 | 3.7 | 3.5m |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 0.2n | ... | ... |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 2.2e | 3.2 | 3.2m |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 143.4 / 142.4 | 132.7 / 129.8 | 140.4 / 136.1b |
| Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 49.5 / 48.3e | 43.5 / 40.9c | 45.4 / 42.1m |
| Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 21.7 / 22.9e | 22.0 / 21.9c | 22.9 / 22.2m |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 20.5 | 15.9o | 18.5o |
| 2015 | 2020 | 2024 | |
| Individuals using the Internete (per 100 inhabitants) | 4.2 | 15.8 | 20.6b |
| Research & Development expenditurep,q (% of GDP) | ~0.0r,n | ~0.0s | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 965 | 2 910 | 3 838d |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 21.5 | 21.4 | 21.3m |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 3.2 / 0.1 | 3.9 / 0.1 | 4.4 / 0.2m |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 262 | 331e | 343e,m |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 12 | 14e | 14e,m |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borderst (000) | 244 | 68 | 8m |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 24.6 | 26.6 | 26.6d |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | 33.6 / 8.6 | 39.0 / 9.3 | 41.3 / 9.6b |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %) | 13.3 / 7.2 | 15.5 / 9.0 | 16.3 / 9.7b |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 6.19 | 10.11 | 7.46m |
| Footnotes |
| a | Projected estimate (medium fertility variant). | |
| b | 2022 | |
| c | 2019 | |
| d | 2023 | |
| e | Estimate. | |
| f | Data refer to 7 cities only. | |
| g | Base: 2016 = 100 | |
| h | Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year. | |
| i | Calculated by the UN Statistics Division. | |
| j | Refers to foreign citizens. | |
| k | Including refugees. | |
| l | Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31). | |
| m | 2021 | |
| n | 2014 | |
| o | Data are as at 1 January of reporting year. | |
| p | Government only. | |
| q | Partial data. | |
| r | Break in the time series. | |
| s | 2017 | |
| t | Arrivals of non-resident tourists by air. |