UNData app

General Information

Region		Northern Europe
Population (000, 2024)		1 872^a
Pop. density (per km2, 2024)		30.1^a
Capital city		Riga
Capital city pop. (000, 2024)		633.8^c
UN membership date		17 September 1991
Surface area (km2)		64 594^b
Sex ratio (m per 100 f)		86.4^a
National currency		Euro (EUR)
Exchange rate (per US$)		0.9^d

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	27 252	34 391	40 876^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	3.9	-3.5	3.4^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	13 681.1	18 128.6	22 087.6^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	4	4.6	5.7^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	21.7	22.5	24.4^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	74.3	72.9	69.9^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	7.9	7.2	6.8^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	23.6	23.6	23.7^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	68.4	69.1	69.5^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	9.9	8.1	6.6ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	54.1 / 67.4	56.0 / 68.5	55.9 / 68.5ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	108	117	155^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	107	111	104^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	11 650	15 197	20 329^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	14 096	17 315	24 979^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 2 446	- 2 119	- 4 649^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	-171	1 017	- 1 752^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	-0.9	-0.7	-0.8^a
Urban population (% of total population)	68	68.2^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	-1.2^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.7	1.5	1.3^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	79.3 / 69.7	80.0 / 70.7	80.6 / 71.8^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	15.1 / 25.7	16.0 / 27.6	15.4 / 28.8^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	265.4 / 13.3	239.4 / 12.7	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	263.2	217.5	233.2^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	4.9	4.3	3.4^a
Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP)	5.7	7.2^l	9^m
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	3.2	3.3	3.4^m
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.3	4.4^c	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.4 / 99.4	99.9 / 99.8	99.5 / 99.4^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	101.5 / 104.4	100.9 / 101.8	100.2 / 101.1^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	121.4 / 122.9	111.8 / 109.9	110.8 / 108.1^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	3.4	3.7	3.6^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	18	30ⁿ	32ⁿ

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^o (per 100 inhabitants)	79.2^p	88.9	92.2^d
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.6	0.7	0.7^m
Threatened species (number)	25	40	37^d
Forested area (% of land area)	54.5	54.8	54.9^m
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	6.6 / 3.3	6.1 / 3.2	6.3 / 3.4^m
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	98	113	113^m
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	90	95	100^m
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^q (000)	2 024	636	478^m
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	97.3	97.3	97.3^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed (% of GNI)	0.08^r	...	0.21^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Break in the time series.
m		2021
n		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
o		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
p		Users in the last 3 months.
q		Non-resident departures. Survey of persons crossing the state border.
r		2014