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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	99 290	99 291	115 049^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	0.1	-7.8	2.9^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	6 130.6	5 645.2	6 391.3^b
Economy: Agriculture^d,e (% of Gross Value Added)	10.2	10.5	9.4^b
Economy: Industry^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	34.4	32.7	33.5^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,g (% of GVA)	55.4	56.8	57.1^b
Employment in agriculture^h (% of employed)	26.2	31.8	31.5^b
Employment in industry^h (% of employed)	19.7	15.9	17.3^b
Employment in services^h (% employed)	54.1	52.3	51.1^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.6	6.1	3.5^h
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	51.9 / 79.7	48.3 / 72.1	53.6 / 78.1^h
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	121	124	131ⁱ
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	104	95	98^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	18 331	20 355	33 737^h,i
International trade: imports (million current US$)	21 387	17 918	30 909^h,i
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 3 057	2 437	2 829^h,i
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 221	2 208	2 291ⁱ

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	0.8	0.9^a
Urban population (% of total population)	63.4	64^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1.8^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	2.2	2	1.8^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	78.6 / 73.8	75.9 / 68.6	80.3 / 74.9^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	29.0 / 9.8	26.4 / 10.9	24.5 / 12.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	387.5 / 2.4^l	784.8 / 4.4^l	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	133.1^m	498.9	566.3ⁱ
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	15.4	13	12.1^a
Health: Current expenditure^n,o (% of GDP)	7.6	8.4	8.3^p
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	1.8	2.3	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5	4.1	3.7^p
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	106.7 / 106.4	98.6 / 96.8	98.8 / 96.3^b
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	114.2 / 111.1	105.0 / 104.1	100.3 / 99.4^b
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.2 / 94.1	97.2 / 93.4	98.2 / 94.7^b
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	6.5	7.8	27^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	41.6	39.4^q	43.1^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet^r (per 100 inhabitants)	48.9	70.7	72.7^s,i
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	0.4^t	...	...
Threatened species (number)	2 308	2 501	2 732ⁱ
Forested area (% of land area)	51.6	50.3	50.1^p
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	37.6 / 2.3	29.4 / 1.7	34.2 / 1.9^p
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	1 260	1 169	1 158^p
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	37	30	34^p
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^u (000)	1 676	507	1 265^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	24.9	28.3	28.5ⁱ
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	74.0 / 50.3	74.7 / 52.8	74.7 / 53.3^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	34.0 / 55.0	32.1 / 59.4	30.9 / 61.0^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	0.33	0.36	0.29^p

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
g		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
h		Estimate.
i		2023
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		Data as at the end of December.
n		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		Data are based on SHA2011.
p		2021
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Population aged 5 years and over.
s		Users in the last 12 months.
t		2014
u		Including nationals residing abroad.